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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W
Title Sort descending Description
ETC Lane

A toll lane that accepts ETC as toll payment from a driver. These lanes typically do not require a vehicle to come to a complete stop.

ETL

Express Toll Lane: ETLs are dedicated Priced Managed Lanes within highway rights-of-way that motorists may use by paying a toll. Unlike High Occupancy Toll lanes, ETLs charge all vehicles—including HOVs—for passage.

ETSI

European Telecommunication Standardization Institute

ETTM

Electronic Traffic and Toll Management

EU

European Union

European EFC service

European Electronic Fee Collection Service. Complementary service to the national electronic toll services of the Member States, that shall ensure the interoperability, for users, of the electronic toll systems that have already been deployed in the Member States and of those to be deployed in the future in respect of the EC Directive throughout the territory of the Member States of the European Union.

Eurovignette

In Europe a sticker proving that a distance related toll has been paid by the user. An EC Directive is in the process of being approved introducing the Eurovignette in Member States for HGV

EVR

Electronic Vehicle Registration - Electronic vehicle registration (EVR) uses radio frequency identification technology (RFID) to electronically identify vehicles and validate the identity, status, and authenticity of vehicle data. A unique electronic identification code is established for each vehicle via a tamper-resistant windshield sticker tag, and each unique code is linked to a record in the centralized owner/vehicle-based database.  EVR can be used to automate vehicle registration, reduce car theft and other fraudulent activities and increase tax and toll revenues.

Expected TCS Revenue

Expected TCS Revenue at manual lanes and mainline Automated Vehicle Identification (AVI) lanes is calculated by multiplying the number of transactions in each  Automatic Vehicle Classification (AVC) class by the toll due for that AVC class at that location.  Expected TCS Revenue at ramp locations is calculated by multiplying the flat toll due for the ramp by the number of transactions regardless of AVC class.

Express Lane

"Express" or "Express Lanes" is the de facto standard name used for signing priced managed lanes in the US.
Note that "Express" lanes are also designations for expressway lanes that serve as a by-pass alternative around local interchanges. They preclude access to some local interchanges.

Expressway

A High Capacity Road (HCR) free of toll.

FAIR lanes

Fast And Intertwined Regular lanes

FasTrak

The trade name of electronic toll collection in California (e.g. E-Z Type Pass, Sun Pass, etc.)

Federal Register

The Federal Register is the daily publication of the US Federal Government documenting proposed rules, final rules and public notices of federal agencies as well as Presidential actions.

FHWA

The Federal Highway Administration is a part of the U.S. Department of Transportation and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with field offices across the United States.

Fiduciary

The Fiduciary as used here is a bank, credit card company, etc. that functions as the funds source to replenish the User’s Account.

Free Flow

Traffic operations unrestricted by toll collection, typically in a MLFF or ORT toll zone.

Free Lanes

There are no free roads, but "free lanes" are the non-tolled travel lanes often next to priced managed lanes.

FTE

Florida's Turnpike Enterprise - Florida's Turnpike Enterprise is a business unit of the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT).  The FTE is responsible for all operations on every FDOT-owned and operated toll road and bridge, representing about 600 miles of roadway and 80 percent of all toll facilities in Florida.

Funds

Money remuneration for transactions.

GALILEO

The GALILEO satellite radio navigation system, an initiative launched by the European Union and the European Space Agency, is based on a constellation of 30 satellites and ground stations providing information concerning the positioning of users in many sectors, including transport.

Gantry

The gantry is the structure over the roadway at an ORT or MLFF toll point, on which toll system equipment is mounted over traffic. Standard highway sign trusses, or custom designs, may be employed. Gantries are located in Toll Zones.

General Purpose Lanes

General Purpose Lanes (“GP Lanes”) are traffic lanes available for use by the general public and vehicles without any restrictions or tolls. They are distinct from the Managed Lanes. General purposes lanes are not managed. General Purpose Lanes are normally not tolled, but some tolled General Purpose Lanes have been considered or constructed

GIS

Geographic Information System. A data management system designed to collect analyse and report geographic and demographic information.

GNSS

Global Navigation Satellite System

GPS

Global Positioning System used for positioning and road segment identification. Similar to GALILEO.

Gridlock

The situation on a road where demand exceeds capacity to the extent that traffic is rendered stationary for unacceptable periods.

GSM

Global System for Mobile Communications

HCM

Highway Capacity Manual. An engineering reference manual for road design.

HCR

High Capacity Road

HGV

Heavy Goods Vehicles. Typically refers to trucks over 3.5 tons

HMI

Human-Machine Interface. A front-end user interface.

HOT

High-Occupancy Toll Lanes (HOT lanes) are Priced Managed Lanes open to High-Occupancy Vehicles (HOVs) at a discounted toll rate or free of charge. Vehicles with one occupant may also use the HOT lanes but with payment of the posted toll rate, which is often variable.

HOV Lanes

High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes (HOV Lanes) are unpriced managed lanes with access limited to vehicles with two or more occupants. Tolls are not collected in HOV lanes.

Hub

Or “Clearinghouse Hub”, is a node on the Clearinghouse Network, interfaces to all other Hubs on the Clearinghouse Network.

IAG

InterAgency Group. The E-Zpass InterAgency Group is the entity responsible for creating and administering E-Zpass, a collaboration between 21 member agencies on the East Coast of the United States that provides interoperable electronic tolling.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Description of Toll Facilities

That which is being tolled.

Toll Facility TypeDescriptionExamples
HighwayAlso described as a toll motorway, toll expressway, or toll freeway. A limited-access facility where tolls are collected.Many examples listed on TollMiner, such as Pennsylvania Turnpike, Austria A2 Motorway,
BridgeA bridge is vehicular roadway infrastructure which provides passage over a geographic barrier in exchange for a toll charged for each vehicle using the bridge.Golden Gate Bridge, George Washington Bridge.
TunnelFor purposes of this glossary, a tunnel with a toll charged for each use. Examples are the tunnels under the rivers into Manhattan. Other tunnels such as those on the Pennsylvania Turnpike are not tolled separately but as part of the overall turnpike toll, and so are not listed as separate toll facilities.Lincoln Tunnel, BrooklynBattery Tunnel, WSDOT SR 99 Tunnel (Seattle)
Bridge/TunnelA toll facility with both major bridges and tunnels in one facility.The Chesapeake Bay BridgeTunnel.
Managed Lane(s)

Designated expressway lanes operating in parallel with other general- purpose travel lanes on a given route. Traffic in the managed lanes is controlled by access rights, occupancy, and/or variable price. Priced managed lanes may include highoccupancy discounts or exemptions.

 

Express Toll Lanes (ETLs) are managed lanes with no provisions for HOV discounts or exemptions.

MDTA I-95
Managed Lane(s)

Designated expressway lanes operating in parallel with other general- purpose travel lanes on a given route. Traffic in the managed lanes is controlled by access rights, occupancy, and/or variable price. Priced managed lanes may include highoccupancy discounts or exemptions.

 

High-Occupancy Toll (HOT) Lanes are managed lanes with provisions for HOV discounts or exemptions.

SRTA (GA) Managed Lanes, I95/I-395/I-495 Express Lanes
Cordon TollsCordon tolls are fees paid by motorists to drive into a designated area defined by a line that encloses to tolling area, often a city center. Cordon tolls are charged when a vehicle crosses the line of the designated tolling area. Some cordon tolls are only in effect during designated hours of the days or days of the week.Singapore, , Oslo, pending in NY and in design in other areas such as Los Angeles.
Area TollsArea tolls are fees paid by motorists that are present within a designated area, often a city center. Area tolls are based on detection of vehicle presence within the designated charging zone and may be charged for vehicles that begin and end their trip within the charging zone.London

Road User Charging (RUC) Program

(also referred to as MileageBased User Fees (MBUF) and Vehicle-Miles-Traveled (VMT) Fees

Pricing the use of roadways by distance travelled on any facility. This may be applied on specific roadways or on all roads in a jurisdiction. Governments are exploring the utility of this transportation revenue options as a replacement for motor fuel taxes as a sustainable revenue source.New Zealand, pilot in OR, UT, CA and other US

    GLOSSARY OF TERMS

    Description of Plaza Lane Types

    Lane types within a toll plaza environment with some conventional toll plaza lanes.

    Lane TypeDescription
    ACM Lane or Unattended Lane (1)A toll lane with an Automatic Coin Machine (ACM) in place of a toll attendant. Generally signed for vehicles to come to a stop but in practice often allow slow roll-through. May include ETC and license plate cameras.
    Conventional Lane = Manual Lane = Attended Lane = Full-Service Lane (1)A toll lane wherein a Toll Service Attendant is present to accept cash, card, token or ticket as toll payment from a customer.
    Mixed Use Lane (1)A toll plaza lane accepting multiple options for toll payment. Typically modified to include ETC. Generally signed for vehicles to come to a stop but in practice allow slow roll-through for electronic transactions.
    Dedicated ETC Lane = ETC Lane (1)A toll plaza lane used to only accept ETC for toll payment and typically allowing roll-through speeds or speeds less than the roadway speed limit. More often with license-plate cameras for toll enforcement, but some toll operators use gates for toll enforcement instead of cameras.
    Convertible Lane (1)A toll plaza lane which can operate in more than one mode, for example in a conventional mode with a toll attendant, in an automatic mode with a machine to accept payment, or in a dedicated ETC Lane mode.
    Non-Stop Lane (2)A lane designed for ETC customers in a conventional toll plaza, with conventional toll lane widening or changes to safely allow for higher-speed ETC-Only travel. Typically with license plate tolls for enforcement.
    ORT Lanes (3)Open-Road Tolling, also called All-Electronic Toll lanes, equivalent to Multi-Lane Free Flow (MLFF) roadways, which allow drivers to pass by without making lane changes or slowing down. Vehicles in these lanes are driving through a highway section with no restrictions or horizontal or vertical clearances or travel speed.
    Notes

    Note 1: Constructed with limited width, designed to bring vehicle to a stop, with toll plaza islands between the lanes.

    Note 2: Construction modified to provide improved passage for non-stop movement, typically with some toll lane widening. 

    Note 3: Constructed to be physically separate from all other toll plaza lane types. 

      GLOSSARY OF TERMS

      Description of Toll Concepts

      The arrangement of toll points on a facility to collect tolls. A toll point is a place where tolls are collected, either with a toll plaza, or at an Open Road Toll (ORT) toll zone without a cash plaza.

      Toll Point TypeDescriptionExamples
      Closed System
      An arrangement of toll points on a facility to ensure that all vehicles pay some toll amount for use of the facility.
      Closed TripBased Toll SystemEntry-Exit (“Ticket”) SystemAn arrangement of toll plazas at every facility entrance and exit. This arrangement enables the measurement of trip length by recording facility entry on paper tickets (or an electronic toll record) and collecting paper tickets or electronically recording the exit location. Entry-exit systems can work with ETC as well as with tickets.PA Turnpike Mainline, Ohio Turnpike, Indiana Toll Road, NJ Turnpike. Mass Pike (I-90) was originally a ticket system toll road.
      AET EntryExit SystemAn arrangement of toll zones without toll plazas at every facility entrance and exit, to measure trip length as recorded in the electronic toll system.Toronto 407-ETR, portions of the New York State Thruway
      AET Mainline SystemAn arrangement of toll zones without toll plazas between interchanges. The toll system collects the toll zone data to determine a trip entry and exit – and thus trip length.Mass Pike (I-90), Virginia Express lanes (I-95, I-395, I-495)
      Closed Barrier Toll SystemAET Mainline SystemAn arrangement of toll zones without toll plazas between interchanges, with discrete toll rates at each toll zone.Illinois Route 390, MDTA MD-200.
      Closed Barrier Plaza SystemAn arrangement of mainline and ramp toll plazas and/or toll zones with discrete toll schedules at each location, arranged such that every possible trip incurs at least one toll.Illinois Tollway (except Route 390), TCA, E-470, NTTA and HCTRA
      Open System
      Not a closed system.
      Open Barrier SystemAn arrangement of (typically mainline) toll points with discrete toll schedules for each location. Open barrier systems do not capture all potential trip origins and destinations and so allow some toll-free travel. An open barrier system may use ORT toll zones or toll plazas.Delaware Turnpike, MDTA I-95 (JFK Memorial Highway).

        GLOSSARY OF TERMS

        Description of Toll Points

        The type(s) of toll infrastructure constructed on a toll facility to support a type of toll concept.

        Toll Point TypeDescriptionExamples
        Toll PlazaToll Plaza without ETCA conventional toll plaza where all drivers must stop and pay, without the ability to use an ETC account or pay by license plate. 
        Toll Plaza with ETCA conventional toll plaza with ETC available in some or all conventional toll lanes. May or may not include license plate tolls. 
        Toll Plaza with Dedicated ETC LanesA conventional toll plaza with ETC available in some or all conventional toll lanes, and also with some ETC-Only lanes typically allowing roll-through up to about 25 mph. May or may not include license plate tolls.Ramps on the Illinois Tollway, HCTRA
        Toll Plaza with Non-Stop ETC LanesA conventional toll plaza with ETC available in some or all lanes, and with one or more lanes modified and widened to safely allow higherspeed ETC-Only travel.BATA plazas until ORT conversion
        AET Toll PlazaA conventional toll plaza with ETC and license plate tolls only, with all cash toll equipment removed. Typically a temporary condition until toll plaza replacement with an ORT Toll Zone.Golden Gate Bridge, until ORT conversion
        ORT Toll PlazaA toll point with an "ORT" or "MLFF" roadway for high-speed nonstop tolls, with a conventional toll plaza safely separated from the ORT lanes at the same toll point.Mainline plazas on the Illinois Tollway, HCTRA, CFX and others
        Toll Zonea.k.a. “ORT Toll Zone,” “AET Toll Zone” or “MLFF Toll”A toll point on a facility with no toll plaza and no place for a driver to stop and pay a toll. Tolls are only collected by ETC, license plate image capture, or other evolving technologies at full travel speeds.NCTA, MDX, Mass Pike, MDTA MD200, all managed lanes projects,